The opening of the Berlin Wall on the evening of November 9, 1989 came as a complete surprise to East and West Germans as it probably did to the whole world. How has this historic moment come about?

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On Aug. 13, 1961, Berliners woke up on a Sunday morning to find their city divided by a wall. That day became known as “Barbed Wire Sunday,” marking a peak in the era of the Cold War. It felt like a complete surprise to many, but key moments in the preceding year made clear that something was brewing.
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On Aug. 13, 1961, Berliners woke up on a Sunday morning to find their city divided by a wall. That day became known as “Barbed Wire Sunday,” marking a peak in the era of the Cold War. It felt like a complete surprise to many, but key moments in the preceding year made clear that something was brewing.